![]() Qualified patients can also have legal access to such products at some medical marijuana dispensaries ( Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014).īecause of the increased THC concentration and novel means of administration, use of marijuana concentrates may contribute to more severe problems in terms of the risks associated with cannabis use, such as addiction, psychotic disorders, and potential cognitive impairment ( Degenhardt et al., 2013 Hall and Degenhardt, 2009 Keller et al., 2016 Miller et al., 2016 Moore et al., 2007 Stogner and Miller, 2015). In states that allow retail of marijuana products for recreational use, they can be obtained legally from licensed retailers and producers. Marijuana concentrate use is a growing trend across the United States ( Bell et al., 2015 Carson, 2013 Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014 Relyea, 2016 Woods, 2016 Zhang et al., 2016). “Dabs” is one of the more commonly appearing slang terms that is used to refer to concentrates regardless of how they have been produced (e.g., “BHO dabs” or “rosin dabs”) or how they are consumed (e.g., “dabs rig” or “vape pen for dabs” or “vaping dabs”) ( Chambers, 2017). The terminology is still evolving as new types of production (e.g., rosin) or use methods (e.g., gravity bong dabs) emerge. There are numerous slang names that are being used to refer to marijuana concentrates, such as “dabs,” “shatter,” “wax,” and “oil,” including names that suggest how the concentrates were produced (e.g., “butane hash oil” or BHO) ( Bailey, 2017). They can also be placed on top of dried marijuana plant material and smoked ( Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Marijuana concentrates are typically vaporized using various types of vaporization devices ranging from discreet e-cigarette-like devices (dabs or wax pens) adapted for concentrate use to large dabs “rigs” (water pipes) that require use of a torch to heat a titanium or glass “nail” to vaporize the concentrate ( Budney et al., 2015 Drug Policy Alliance, 2015). In comparison, according to 2014 data, THC content in illicit cannabis plant material was found to be around 12% ( ElSohly et al., 2016). Such products contain very high THC levels that can range from 40% to 80% ( Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Marijuana concentrates, also known as “dabs,” “hash oil,” “shatter,” or “wax,” are highly potent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) preparations derived from cannabis plant material, frequently using solvent-based methods ( Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014 Drug Policy Alliance, 2015).
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